Shafiul/TexUnits.doc 02ix01
Mind Mapping Textile Fiber Yarn Filament FYF Count Units
Everything we do, everything we see, and
everywhere we go can be measured in one kind of unit or another. Measuring in units lets us compare one form
with another, and helps us figure out how far away, or how heavy, an object
is. It also tells us how long it takes
you to do something. We can even measure
wind! Read on and find out textile units
in perspective. We are often challenged
to reproduce specific sample specimen without even any specific technical
information. The product component
parameters of fiber, filament and yarn are critical for
FYF Count Units Multiplication Factors
Count - FYF
|
To Obtain
|
|
Tex
|
ktex
|
dtex
|
mtex
|
mtex
|
den
(d)
|
Nm
|
Ne
|
| Multiply |
By
|
| Tex |
1
|
10-3
|
10
|
102
|
106
|
9
|
*
|
**
|
Kilotex
(ktex)
|
103
|
1
|
104
|
105
|
109
|
9000
|
|
|
Decitex
(dtex)
|
10-1
|
10-4
|
1
|
10
|
105
|
9´10-1
|
|
|
Millitex
(mtex)
|
10-2
|
10-5
|
10
|
1
|
104
|
9´10-2
|
|
|
Microtex
(mtex)
|
10-6
|
10-9
|
10-5
|
10-4
|
1
|
9´10-6
|
|
|
Denier
(d)
|
0.111
|
111.111
|
1.111
|
11.111
|
1.1´105
|
1
|
|
|
Nm
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Ne
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
Formula
|
g/km
|
kg/km
|
deci g/km
|
mg/km
|
mg/km
|
g/9km
|
km/kg
|
840yds/lb
|
* Nm ´ Tex = 1000 (?), ** Ne ´ Tex = 590.5, Ne ´ 1.6933 = Nm
Stregth - FYF
|
To Obtain: Tenacity,
Strength, Modulus, Toughness
|
|
cN/tex
|
cN/dtex
|
g/d
|
psi
|
kPa
|
MPa
|
GPa
|
|
| Multiply |
By
|
| cN/tex |
1
|
10-3
|
10
|
102
|
106
|
9
|
*
|
**
|
cN/dtex
|
103
|
1
|
104
|
105
|
109
|
9000
|
|
|
g/d
|
10-1
|
10-4
|
1
|
10
|
105
|
9´10-1
|
|
|
psi
|
10-2
|
10-5
|
10
|
1
|
104
|
9´10-2
|
|
|
kPa
|
10-6
|
10-9
|
10-5
|
10-4
|
1
|
9´10-6
|
|
|
MPa
|
0.111
|
111.111
|
1.111
|
11.111
|
1.1´105
|
1
|
|
|
GPa
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
Formula
|
g/km
|
kg/km
|
deci g/km
|
mg/km
|
mg/km
|
g/9km
|
km/kg
|
840yds/lb
|
g/m = 9000 denier, gpd = 11.33/r Gpa, kgf = 9.806 N
Textile
Units
Area
m2 = yd2 ´ 0.8361
Bursting
Pressure
kN/m2 = lbf/in2 ´ 6.89
Cover
factor – woven fabrics
(threads/cm) Ö (tex) ´ 10-1
(threads/cm) Ö (tex) ´ 10-2 = [(threads/in) /Ö (cotton count Ne)] ´ 0.0957
Cover
factor – weft-knitted fabrics
Ö (tex) / stitch length (mm) = 1 /
stitch length (in) ´ 1 / Ö (worsted count)] ´ 1.172
Diameter
d (mm) = Ö [denier / (r ´ 7068)]
d (mm) = Ö [denier / (r ´ 7068)] ´ 103
d (nm) = Ö [denier / (r ´ 7068)] ´ 106
d = 2 Ö (mass / rpl)
d (in) = (28ÖNe)-1
App. staple fiber yarn d = Ötex / 678.6
Diameter,
Thickness, Length, Width
nm = in ´ 2.54 ´ 107
mm = in ´ 2.54 ´ 104
mm = in ´ 25.4
cm = in ´ 2.54
m = in ´ 0.0254
m = yd ´ 0.9144
1 km = .6214 miles
Energy,
Work to Rupture
1 J = 0.1020 kgf.m
1 J = 0.7376 ft.lb
1 kgf.m = 9.807 J
1 kgf.m = 7.234 ft.lb
1 ft.lb = 1.356 J
1 ft.lb = 0.1383 kgf.m
Force
1 lbf = 4.448 N
1 kgf = 9.807 N
1 kgf = 2.2046 lbf
1 gf = 0.981 cN
Linear
density
tex = denier ´ 0.111
tex = 590.5 / English cotton count Ne
tex = 1000 / Metric count Nm
mtex = denier ´ 11.1111
dtex = denier ´ 1.1111
dtex = tex ´ 10
dtex = 10000 / Nm
dtex = 5905 / Ne
dtex = 14,880,000 / ft/lb
ktex = denier ´ 111.1111
mtex = denier ´ 1.1111 ´ 105
den = dtex / 1.1111
Nm = 1.6933 ´ Ne
Nm = 10000 / dtex
Nm = 9000 / den
Mass
1 kg = 2.2046 lb
kg = lb ´ 0.4536
t = ton ´ 0.9842
1 oz = 28.35 g
mass = volume ´ density
Mass
per Unit Area
g/m2 = oz/yd2 ´ 33.91
Modulus,
pressure, tenacity
1 atm = 1.01325 bar
1 atm = 14.696 psi
1 atm = 1.0332 kg/cm2
1 atm = 0.133322 kpa
Breaking
load, breaking force. breaking strength, tearing strength, tensile strength
mN = gf ´ 9.81
N = lbf ´ 4.45
daN = kgf ´ 0.981
N = kgf ´ 0.0981
Pressure,
Stress
1 Pa = 1.45 ´ 10-4 psi
1 psi = 6895 Pa
Tenacity,
Stress, Modulus, Toughness
mN/tex = gf/den ´ 88.3
cN/tex = g/den ´ 8.827
1 cN/tex = 1 mN/dtex
1 g/den = 8.827 cN/tex
tenacity = max tensile force / linear
density
gpd = 11.33 / r GPa
Twist,
Twist factor
TPM = TPI ´ 39.37
TPM Ö (tex) ´ 10-2 = [TPI /Ö (cotton count Ne)] ´ 9.57
Threads
in cloth
Length: picks/cm = picks/in ´ 0.3937
Width, Warp threads in Loom: ends/cm =
ends/in ´ 0.3937
courses/cm = courses/in ´ 0.3937
wales/cm = wales/in ´ 0.3937
Viscosity: cP =
(100/RPM) * TK * SMC * Torque
1 mPa.s = 1 cP
Shear Stress dynes/cm2 : TK * SMC * SRC * Torque
1 N/m2 = 10 dyne/cm2
Shear Rate: s-1 = RPM * SRC
Torque: 1 N-m = 107 dyne-cm
Volume
l = pint ´ 0.5682
l = gallon ´ 4.546
volume = mass / density
fiber volume = cross sectional area ´ length = pr2l
Definitions
of the Seven Basic S I Units
metre
[m]
The metre is the
basic unit of length. It is the distance light travels, in a vacuum, in
1/299792458th of a second.
kilogram
[kg]
The kilogram is
the basic unit of mass. It is the mass of an international prototype in the
form of a platinum-iridium cylinder kept at Sevres in France. It is now the only basic unit still defined
in terms of a material object, and also the only one with a prefix[kilo]
already in place.
second
[s]
The second is
the basic unit of time. It is the length of time taken for 9192631770 periods
of vibration of the caesium-133 atom to occur.
ampere
[A]
The ampere is
the basic unit of electric current. It is that current which produces a
specified force between two parallel wires which are 1 metre apart in a vacuum.It is named after the French physicist Andre
Ampere (1775-1836).
kelvin
[K]
The kelvin is
the basic unit of temperature. It is 1/273.16th of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. It is named after the Scottish
mathematician and physicist William Thomson 1st Lord Kelvin (1824-1907).
mole
[mol]
The mole is the
basic unit of substance. It is the amount of substance that contains as many
elementary units as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon-12.
candela
[cd]
The candela is
the basic unit of luminous intensity. It is the intensity of a source of light
of a specified frequency, which gives a specified amount of power in a given
direction.
Derived
Units of the S I
From the 7 basic units of the S I many
other units are derived for a variety of purposes. Only some of them are
explained here. The units printed in bold
are either basic units or else, in some cases, are themselves derived.
farad
[F]
The farad is the
SI unit of the capacitance of an electrical system, that is, its capacity to
store electricity. It is a rather large unit as defined and is more often used
as a microfarad. It is named after the
English chemist and physicist Michael Faraday (1791-1867).
hertz
[Hz]
The hertz is the
SI unit of the frequency of a periodic phenomenon. One hertz indicates that 1
cycle of the phenomenon occurs every second.
For most work much higher frequencies are needed such as the kiloherz [kHz] and
megaherz [MHz]. It is named after the
German physicist Heinrich Rudolph Herz (1857-94).
joule
[J]
The joule is the
SI unit of work or energy. One joule is the amount of work done when an applied
force of 1 newton moves through a
distance of 1 metre in the direction
of the force.It is named after the
English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818-89).
newton
[N]
The newton is
the SI unit of force. One newton is the force required to give a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 metre per second per second. It is named after the English mathematician
and physicist Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727).
ohm
[W]
The ohm is the
SI unit of resistance of an electrical conductor. Its symbol, shown here as [W] is the Greek letter known as 'omega'. It is named after the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm (1789-1854).
pascal
[Pa]
The pascal is
the SI unit of pressure. One pascal is the pressure generated by a force of 1 newton acting on an area of 1 square metre. It is a rather small unit as
defined and is more often used as a kilopascal [kP]. It is named after the French mathematician, physicist and philosopher
Blaise Pascal (1623-62).
volt
[V]
The volt is the
SI unit of electric potential. One volt is the difference of potential between
two points of an electical conductor when a current of 1 ampere flowing between those points dissipates a power of 1 watt. It is named after the Italian physicist Count Alessandro Giuseppe
Anastasio Volta (1745-1827).
watt
[W]
The watt is used
to measure power or the rate of doing work. One watt is a power of 1 joule per second. It is named after the
Scottish engineer James Watt (1736-1819).
Note
that prefixes may be
used in conjunction with any of the above units.
The
Prefixes of the S I
The S I
allows the sizes of units to be made bigger or smaller by the use of
appropriate prefixes. For example, the electrical unit of a watt is not a big
unit even in terms of ordinary household use, so it is generally used in terms
of 1000 watts at a time. The prefix for 1000 is kilo so we use kilowatts[kW] as our unit of measurement. For makers
of electricity, or bigger users such as industry, it is common to use
megawatts[MW] or even gigawatts[GW]. The full range of prefixes with their
[symbols or abbreviations] and their multiplying factors which are also given in other forms is
yotta [Y] 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 1024
zetta [Z] 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 1021
exa [E] 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 1018
peta [P] 1 000 000 000 000 000 = 1015
tera [T] 1 000 000 000 000 = 1012
giga [G] 1 000 000 000 (a thousand millions = a billion)
mega [M] 1 000 000 (a million)
kilo [k] 1 000 (a thousand)
1
milli [m] 0.001 (a thousandth)
micro [m] 0.000 001 (a millionth)
nano [n] 0.000 000 001 (a thousand millionth)
pico [p] 0.000 000 000 001 = 10-12
femto [f] 0.000 000 000 000 001 = 10-15
atto [a] 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10-18
zepto [z] 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10-21
yocto [y] 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10-24
All of the S I prefixes are multiples or
sub-multiples of 1000. However, these are inconvenient for many purposes and so
hecta (x 100), deca (x 10), deci (x
0.1), and centi (x 0.01) are also
used.
